Two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device

ABSTRACT

The disclosure relates to an electrochemical treatment of liquids and production of gases. Increased operating efficiency of an electrochemical device is achieved through the combination of measures: (1) sealing of the device on an element-by-element basis; (2) transfer of the liquid and gaseous phase interface into a passive extension of an anode chamber; (3) utilization of a tubular cathode as an inner wall and a cylindrical anode with an external coating as an outer wall; (4) positioning of channels and determining their dimensions so as to maintain helicity of electrolyte movement combined with the increase of the production output; (5) positioning and design of terminals, which provide for the reduction of their heating; and (6) ability of the device to operate under the conditions, when its longitudinal axis deviates from the vertical line by an angle of γ≦85° and under pumping conditions.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates to chemical technologies, particularly concerning the issues of electrochemical treatment of liquids and getting of gases that may be used to purify and disinfect water and to produce anolytes and catholytes.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure is used for the synthesis of disinfecting, sterilizing, detergent, extracting, pH- and ORP-correcting solutions; for electrochemical treatment of organic and inorganic liquids; under conditions of stationary, as well as mobile plants.

As regards the technical design and employed components, one solution is an electrochemical processing device described in Russian Federation patent RU 2104961. However, the processing device disclosed therein has a number of shortcomings. For example, the device does not have sufficient:reliability, resulting from the use of multiple-part assembled bushings that are sealed between themselves and with electrodes only by the axial force from torqued clamping nuts. It has limited output due to the use of rod-type electrodes, presence of electric contact on the thread and, especially, necessity to use for the input into the electrode chambers and for the output from the electrodes to the channels, the diameter of which does not exceed the size of clearance between the electrodes and the diaphragm. There is also a difficulty of operation experienced, caused by the requirement to position the device inside the apparatus in such a way that its longitudinal axis is vertical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device, showing a cathode chamber.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an anode chamber of the two-chamber electrolyser device.

FIG. 3 is an assembly drawing of the two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a monolithic dielectric cap (for output) 2 with the indication of a passive extension 9 of the cathode chamber, passive extension 10 of the anode chamber, a diagonal wall 22, and output channels 25 from the cathode chamber and 23 from the anode chamber, as well as the dimensions and mutual position of the cap's structural elements.

FIG. 5 illustrates an anode 5 with a terminal 13, welded by a welding seam 26, with thread 29 and a chamfer 21 for the sealing of the anode—cap joint, with an outer coating 14 for the protection of the apparatus from the device's electrochemical corrosion danger, with a chamfer 30 on the inner surface of the anode.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of an original cathode 4 with terminal 12, made integral with the cathode from the same tube stock.

FIG. 7 illustrates an original flange 15, involved in the sealing of the cathode—cap joint.

FIG. 8 contains the various options of the positioning of the device with respect to a vertical line, depending on its location in the apparatus or on the operating condition of the apparatus as a whole.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

The technical result obtained during implementation of the disclosure is improved reliability, performance and applicability of the two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device. To achieve this technical result, the two-chamber electrolyser (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) is assembled from two tubular electrodes, an outer one serving as an anode 5 and an inner one as the cathode 4. A tubular diaphragm 6 is placed between the two. All three components are positioned coaxially with the use of original monolithic dielectric caps 2 and 3—one of the caps 3 is used for an input of electrolyte and the second one 2 for discharge of electrolysis products. Sealing of the joints anode—cap and anode chamber—cathode chamber is implemented by through standard rubber O-rings 18 and 17. The joint cathode—cap is sealed with the use of a unique flange 15, standard rubber O-ring 16 and standard screws 19. The monolithic cap (FIG. 4) has an internal transverse wall 22, on both sides of which cylindrical extensions 10 and 9 of the anode and diaphragm are arranged. These extensions make both the anode and cathode chambers longer and give an opportunity to introduce electrolyte and draw out electrolysis products with higher efficiency, as now the diameters of the input channels 20 and 24 and output channels 23 and 25 are not restricted by the clearance between the electrode and the diaphragm. The anode and cathode chambers that have been extended this way provide for the possibility of optimal mutual positioning of the input and output channels and in relation to the device's longitudinal axis, taking into account the input of electrolyte and the output of electrolysis products, and also improve the removal of gases from the active zones of electrodes.

The following features have been introduced in the design of the two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device: a tubular cathode (FIG. 6); a cathode current conductor 12 made as an integral part of the cathode from the same tube stock; and a welding seam 26 made along the whole perimeter of the anode's current conductor 13. The current conductors of the anode and cathode are located in predetermined places, which are optimal as regards their cooling by the introduced electrolytes—all this is meant to reduce the heating of the device and its components, i.e to provide dependable conditions for the work of the device at high currents and, consequently, to improve the production output of the electrolysis process.

Exemplary Embodiment

In order to optimise the technology used for the production of the device size range used to serve the apparatus with different outputs and to maintain optimal electrolysis process conditions in the devices, the relation between the part sizes in the same device complies with the following formula:

La + 30 ≤ Ld ≤ Lk − 30 and ${0.50 \leq \frac{Sa}{Sk} \leq 2.0 \leq},{wherein}$

La—length of anode, mm;

Ld—length of diaphragm, mm;

Lk—length of cathode, mm;

Sa—anode chamber cross-section area, mm²;

Sk—cathode chamber cross-section area, mm².

At the same time, the absolute values of the part dimensions remain within the following limits:

Part Diameter, mm Length, mm Cathode 4 18 . . . 92 110 . . . 350  Diaphragm 6 22 . . . 98 80 . . . 320 Anode 5  30 . . . 102 50 . . . 290

The two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device includes the cylindrical tubular anode 5 that has thread 29 and a chamfer 21 at each end for its connection with caps 2 and 3 by means of threads 29, and for sealing of the anode—cap joints with the use of standard O-rings 18 placed in grooves 28. This kind of design simplifies assembly of the device and increases its dependability as each joint between parts is checked individually during the assembly.

The anode 5 has a terminal 13, welded onto the outer cylindrical surface of the anode by weld seam 26, which continues along the whole perimeter of terminal 13 on anode 5, i.e the surface of electric contact is more extensive, the ohmic resistance and heating level are lower, which allows the device to operate at high currents improving the device's performance.

Chamfer 30 is made on the inner cylindrical surface at the ends of the anode 5 in order to diffuse the concentrated electric current at the cathode-facing edges and, thus, to raise the service life of the device.

The anode has protective coatings: the inner cylindrical surface is coated with a special compound that protects the anode's active part from the electrochemical corrosion, the outer cylindrical surface, being the outer casing of the device, is coated with a non-detachable water proofing and electric insulation coating 14 to protect the apparatus in case of the penetrating electrochemical damage of the anode's 5 active section.

The cathode 4 is made from a tube stock integral with terminal 12 and it is positioned in the device in such a way as to fix the part of the cathode 4 next to terminal 12 in the input cap 3 in order to cool down terminal 12 by the input flow of electrolyte. The cathode—cap joints are fixed and sealed through the compression in the stack and around the cathode of standard O-rings 16 with the use of original flange 15 and standard screws 19. Such special design and position of the cathode reduces the heating of terminal 12 and increases the device's production output, also simplifying the assembly of the device and increasing its dependability.

Putting the tubular cathode 4 in the position of the internal wall and the tubular anode 5 in the position of the outer wall of the device has improved the performance and dependability of the device through the relative reduction of the tubular electrode's weight as compared to a rod-type device. Further, the positioning of the tubular anode 5 also provides the additional possibility of increasing the device's dimensions as well as through the leak-tightness of the device, maintained with the use of the protective outer coating 14 of the anode and also through the relative reduction of the current density on the definitely greater area of the anode as compared to the smaller opposite area of the cathode.

The design of the cap 3 intended for input provides for the simplified arrangement of the helical movement of the electrolyte, because channels 20 and 24 introduce the electrolyte into the extensions 10 and 9 of the anode and cathode chambers, which allows replacement of the tangential positioning of the outer generating line of the input channels relative to the cylindrical surfaces of the anode 5 and diaphragm 6 with such positioning of input channels, when their longitudinal axes are displaced relative to the longitudinal axis of the device within the range that is not difficult to produce.

The design of the cap 2 intended for output provides for the reduction of the hydraulic friction during the outflow of the electrolysis products due to the fact that the longitudinal axes of the output channels 23 and 25 are displaced relative to the longitudinal axis of the device and positioned along the helical flow of the electrolysis products.

FIG. 3 shows the positions of channels 20, 23, 24 and 25 relative to each other, which provide for the helical movement of the electrolyte and reduction of the device's hydraulic friction.

Input channels 20—into the anode chamber, and 24—into the cathode chamber, are positioned in cap 3 with a displacement to opposite sides relative to the device's longitudinal axis. Output channels 23—from the anode chamber, and 25—from the cathode chamber, are positioned in cap 2 with a displacement to opposite sides relative to the device's longitudinal axis. Channel 20 for the input into the anode chamber in cap 3 and channel 23 for the output from the anode chamber in cap 2 are displaced to opposite sides relative to the device's longitudinal axis. Channel 24 for the input into the cathode chamber in cap 3 and channel 25 for the output from the cathode chamber in cap 2 are displaced to opposite sides relative to the device's longitudinal axis.

The distance N_(1a) from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel 20 for the input into the anode chamber 7 and the distance N_(1c) from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel 24 for the input into the cathode chamber 8 comply with the following formula:

0.5 D1a≦N1a≦0.5 (Dpa1−D1a),

and

0.5 D1k≦N1k≦0.5 (Dpk1−D1k), wherein

-   D1a—diameter of channel 20 for the input into anode chamber 7, mm; -   Dpa1—diameter of extension 10 of anode chamber 7 in input cap 3, mm; -   D1k—diameter of channel 24 for the input into cathode chamber 8, mm; -   Dpk1—diameter of extension 9 of cathode chamber 8 in input cap 3,     mm.

Distance N2a from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel 23 for the output from the anode chamber 7 and the distance N2k from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel 25 for the output from the cathode chamber 8 comply with the following formula:

0.5 D2a≦N2a≦0.5 (Dpa2−D2a)

and

0.5 D2k≦N2k≦0.5 (Dpk2−D2k), wherein

-   D2a—diameter of channel 23 for the output from anode chamber 7, mm; -   Dpa2—diameter of extension 10 of anode chamber 7 in output cap 2,     mm; -   D2k—diameter of channel 25 for the output from cathode chamber 8,     mm; -   Dpk2—diameter of extension 9 of cathode chamber 8 in output cap 2,     mm.

The introduction into the design of the caps 2 and 3 of the extensions 10 and 9 of the electrode chambers has made it possible to optimise the determination of the cross-section areas (diameters) of the input channels 20 and 24 and output channels 23 and 25 as well as their longitudinal axes' inclination in relation to the cap base plane irrespective of the size of clearance between the diaphragm and electrodes.

The optimal geometrical dimensions of caps 3 and 2 and their parts are as follows:

Inclination of channel Diameter of Cap height, in relation to the base Part channels, mm mm plane, deg Cap 3 4 . . . 12 35 . . . 80 0 . . . 5 for input Cap 2 6 . . . 24  40 . . . 100  0 . . . 45 for output

The cylindrical extensions 10 of the anode chamber are situated between the outer cylindrical surface of the diaphragm and the cylindrical surfaces of the anode extensions in the caps, while lengthwise they are situated between the groove 28 for the O-ring 18 and the caps' internal diagonal wall 22, which separates the anode chamber 7 from the cathode chamber 8, while their geometrical dimensions comply with the following formula:

(Ddn+2)≦Dpa≦Dav, wherein

-   Ddn—diaphragm's outer diameter, mm; -   Dpa—anode's extension diameter, mm; -   Dav—anode's inner diameter, mm;

and D1a≦L1pa≦D1a+4,

and D2a≦L2pa≦D2a+24, wherein

-   L1pa—length of the anode extension in the input cap, mm; -   D1a—diameter of the channel for the input of electrolyte into the     anode chamber, mm; -   L2pa—length of the anode extension in the output cap, mm; -   D2a—diameter of the channel for the output of electrolysis products     from the anode chamber, mm.

The cylindrical extensions of the diaphragm are situated inside caps between the cap's internal diagonal wall 22 and the internal plane 27 with an opening for the cathode. The geometrical dimensions of the extensions comply with the following formula:

(Dkn+2)≦Dpk≦(Ddn+2), wherein

-   Dkn—cathode's outer diameter, mm -   Dpk—diaphragm extension diameter, mm -   Ddn—diaphragm's outer diameter, mm

and D1k≦L1pk≦D1k+4,

and D2k≦L2pk≦D2k+24, wherein

-   L1pk—length of the diaphragm extension in the input cap, mm; -   D1k—diameter of the channel for the input of electrolyte into the     cathode chamber, mm; -   L2pk—length of the diaphragm extension in the output cap, mm; -   D2k—diameter of the channel for the output of electrolysis products     from the cathode chamber, mm.

The dependences between the diameters of the input and output channels comply with the following formula:

D2k≧D2a>D1k,

and

D1a≧D1k

The distance Lov from the centre of the output channel 24 to the internal diagonal wall 22 complies with the following formula:

0.5 D2a≦Lov≦0.5 D2a+3, wherein

D2a—diameter of the channel for the output from the anode chamber, mm.

The passive extension 10 of the anode chamber in the monolithic dielectric cap 2 and the position of the channels 25 for the output from the anode chamber increase the device's dependability, because the interface between liquid and gaseous phases is transferred into the galvanically indestructible part of the anode chamber, i.e into its extension in the cap.

In order to simplify the technology of the production of caps 3 and 2, the longitudinal axes of channel 20 and channel 24 are positioned with the same angle a of the inclination to the base of cap 3, while the longitudinal axes of channel 23 and channel 25 are positioned with the same angle β of the inclination to the base of cap 2.

In order to optimise the relation between the device's hydraulic friction and the electrolysis process effectiveness, the angle values α and β are set within the following ranges:

0°≦α<5°

0°≦β<45°

The combination of the device's structural features: the displacement of the longitudinal axes of channels 20 and 24 in relation to the device's longitudinal axis and the extensions 9 and 10 of electrode chambers, allow to position the device in the apparatus with the deviation of the longitudinal axis from the vertical line at a rate of up to 85° and operate the apparatus under pumping conditions.

The flow of electrolyte through the device is arranged as follows:

a) moving along the cylindrical channel 24, inclined in relation to the cap base plane with an angle of α, the longitudinal axis of the channel being displaced relative to the device's longitudinal axis, the electrolyte enters the passive extension 9 of the cathode chamber 8 in the input cap 3 obtaining helical direction of movement; enters the cathode chamber 8 formed by the outer surface of the cathode 4 and the inner surface of the diaphragm 6, while the cathode chamber is separated from the anode one by the standard O-rings 17 in the caps 2 and 3; moves into the extension 9 of the cathode chamber in the output cap 2; along the cylindrical channel 25 for the output from the cathode chamber, while the longitudinal axis of the channel 25 is displaced relative to the device's longitudinal axis and inclined with an angle of β in relation to the plane of the output cap 2 in accordance with the helical movement of the electrolyte; and b) moving along the cylindrical channel 20, the longitudinal axis of which is inclined with an angle of α in relation to the base plane of the input cap 3 and displaced relative to the device's longitudinal axis to the side opposite to the displacement of the axis of the channel 24, the electrolyte enters the passive extension 10 of the anode chamber obtaining the helical direction of movement; enters the anode chamber 7 formed by the inner cylindrical surface of the anode and the outer surface of the diaphragm; into the extension 10 of the anode chamber in the output cap 2; through the opening of the channel 23, positioned taking into account the phase interface displacement; along the channel 23, the longitudinal axis of which is displaced relative to the device's longitudinal axis and inclined with an angle of β in relation to the plane of the output cap 2 in accordance with the helical movement of the electrolyte. 

1. A two-chamber coaxial electrolyser device for the treatment of liquid media in a flow-through mode, comprising: a predetermined interrelated design of an anode, a cathode and monolithic dielectric caps that permits precision positioning of tubular coaxial electrodes and a diaphragm between the electrodes; and wherein the dependencies between dimensions of the anode, cathode, and diaphragm in the same device are as follows: La + 30 ≤ Ld ≤ Lk − 30 and ${0.50 \leq \frac{Sa}{Sk} \leq 2.0},{wherein}$ La—length of anode, mm; Ld—length of diaphragm, mm; Lk—length of cathode, mm; Sa—anode chamber cross-section area, mm²; Sk—cathode chamber cross-section area, mm²; and wherein the dimensions of the anode, cathode and diaphragm are: Part Diameter, mm Length, mm Cathode (4) 18 . . . 92 110 . . . 350  Diaphragm (6) 22 . . . 98 80 . . . 320 Anode (5)  30 . . . 102 50 . . . 290


2. The device accordingly to claim 2, wherein the tubular anode is coated with protective coatings on an inside surface with a predetermined compound for protection of an active section of the anode from electrochemical corrosion, and on an outside surface with a non-detachable water proofing and electric insulation coating.
 3. The device accordingly to claim 1, wherein the anode is equipped with a fixed terminal for the supply of electric power, which is joined with a cylindrical surface of the anode by electric welding, while a welding seam goes along a whole perimeter of a cross section of the terminal.
 4. The device accordingly to claim 1, wherein the anode further comprises a chamfer with thread.
 5. The device accordingly to claim 1 wherein the cathode is positioned as an inner cylinder and has a tubular design.
 6. The device accordingly to claim 1 wherein the cathode is equipped with a fixed terminal for the supply of electric power, wherein the fixed terminal is integrally formed as a cathode's extension from the same tube stock as the cathode.
 7. The device accordingly to claim 1 wherein the cathode is positioned in the device so as to be positioned adjacent to a current conducting terminal situated in an electrolyte input cap.
 8. The device accordingly to claim 1, wherein both ends of the device is equipped with monolithic caps that have different geometric parameters; wherein the differences between the caps for the input of electrolytes and the output of electrolysis products show in their geometrical dimensions: Inclination of channel Diameters of in relation to the Part channels, mm Cap height, mm base plane, deg Cap (3) 4 . . . 12 35 . . . 80 0 . . . 5 for input Cap (2) 6 . . . 24  40 . . . 100  0 . . . 45 for output


9. The device accordingly to claim 1, wherein extensions of cylindrical surfaces of the anode and the diaphragm have been arranged in the monolithic caps and; and that the cylindrical extensions of an anode chamber are situated between an outer cylindrical surface of the diaphragm and the cylindrical surfaces of the anode extensions in the caps, while lengthwise the extensions of the cylindrical surfaces of the anode are situated between a groove for an O-ring and an internal diametric wall of the caps, which separates the anode chamber from the cathode chamber, while geometrical dimensions of the diaphragm, anode and caps relate to each other according to the following formulae: (Ddn+2)≦Dpa≦Dav, wherein Ddn—diaphragm's outer diameter, mm; Dpa—anode's extension diameter, mm; Dav—anode's inner diameter, mm; and D1a≦L1pa≦D1a+4, and D2a≦L2pa≦D2a+24, wherein L1pa—length of the anode extension in the input cap, mm; D1a—diameter of the channel for the input of electrolyte into the anode chamber, mm; L2pa—length of the anode extension in the output cap, mm; D2a—diameter of the channel for the output of electrolysis products from the anode chamber, mm; and wherein cylindrical extensions of the diaphragm are situated inside caps between the internal diagonal wall of the caps and an internal plane with an opening for the cathode, wherein the geometrical dimensions of the cathode and the diaphragm relate to each other as follows: (Dkn+2)≦Dpk≦(Ddn+2), wherein Dkn—cathode's outer diameter, mm; Dpk—diaphragm extension diameter, mm; Ddn—diaphragm's outer diameter, mm; and D1k≦L1pk≦D1k+4, and D2k≦L2pk≦D2k+24, wherein L1pk—length of the diaphragm extension in the input cap, mm; D1k—diameter of the channel for the input of electrolyte into the cathode chamber, mm; L2pk—length of the diaphragm extension in the output cap, mm; D2k—diameter of the channel for the output of electrolysis products from the cathode chamber, mm; and wherein the dependence between diameters of input and output channels comply with the following formulae: D2k≧D2a>D1k, and D1a≧D1k in that the distance Lov from a centre of the output channel to the internal diagonal wall complies with the following formula: 0.5 D2a≦Lov≦0.5 D2a+3, wherein D2a—diameter of the channel for the output from the anode chamber, mm.
 10. The device accordingly to claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axes of the channel for input into the anode chamber and the channel for the input into the cathode chamber are inclined in relation to a base plane of the cap with the same angle α: 0°≦α≦5°
 11. The device accordingly to claim 10, wherein the longitudinal axes of the channel for the input into the anode chamber and the channel for the input into the cathode chamber are positioned at sides of the input cap that are opposite relative to a longitudinal axis of the device.
 12. The device accordingly to claim 11, wherein the distance N1a from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel for the input into the anode chamber and the distance N1k from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel for the input into the cathode chamber comply with the following formula: 0.5 D1a≦N1a≦0.5 (Dpa1−D1a) and 0.5 D1k≦N1k≦0.5 (Dpk1−D1k), wherein D1a—diameter of channel for the input into anode chamber, mm; Dpa1—diameter of extension of anode chamber in input cap, mm; D1k—diameter of channel for the input into cathode chamber, mm; and Dpk1—diameter of extension of cathode chamber in input cap, mm.
 13. The device accordingly to claim 12, wherein the longitudinal axes of the channel for the output from the anode chamber and the channel for the output from the cathode chamber are inclined in relation to the base plane of the cap with the same angle β: 0°≦β≦45°.
 14. The device accordingly to claim 11 wherein a distance N2a from a longitudinal axis of the device to a longitudinal axis of the channel for the output from the anode chamber and a distance N2k from the device's longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the channel for the output from the cathode chamber comply with the following formulae: 0.5 D2a≦N2a≦0.5 (Dpa2−D2a) and 0.5 D2k≦N2k≦0.5 (Dpk2−D2k), wherein D2a—diameter of channel for the output from anode chamber, mm; Dpa2—diameter of extension of anode chamber in output cap, mm; D2k—diameter of channel for the output from cathode chamber, mm; and Dpk2—diameter of extension of cathode chamber in output cap, mm.
 15. The device accordingly to claim 14, wherein the longitudinal axis deviates from a vertical line by an angle of γ, wherein 0≦γ≦85° if the input cap is positioned below the output cap. 